The Common Cold and Acute Pharyngitis





Common Cold


Common Cold
Common Cold


Definition:

Respiratory infection involving the nasal passages and the throat the term refers to a febrile infectious, acute inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity.



Aetiology:

200 different viruses classified into 5 groups causing the common cold.

Singes and symptoms:

Sneezing and nasal congestion.

A sore throat.

Coughing.

Nasal discharge.

Aching muscles.

Treatment:

- No specific treatment ( symptomatic).

- Bed rest.

- Increase fluid intake.

- Aspirin and acetaminophen for fever, headache and muscles pain.

- Nasal decongestant and anti-histamine. Warm salt gargle smoothes a sore throat.

- Hand washing, use the disposable tissue, cover the mouth and avoid crowding.




Acute Pharyngitis


Acute Pharyngitis
Acute Pharyngitis

Acute Pharyngitis

Definition:

Febrile inflammation of the throat.

Aetiology:

70 % viral infection.

Group A streptococcus the most common bacterial agent.



Singes and Symptoms:

Fiery red pharyngeal membrane and tonsils, swollen lymphoid full with exudates, enlarged tender lymph node, fever, malaise, sore throat, hoarseness, cough and rhinitis.

Severe bacterial infection led to severe complication such as sinusitis, otitis media, cervical adenitis, rheumatic fever and nephritis.


Treatment:

- Antibiotics if bacterial infection (penicillin, erythromycin or cephalosporin).

- Liquid or soft diet.

- Encourage fluid intake.

- Bed rest.

- Acetaminophen for fever.

- Analgesia for pain (ibuprofen, diclofenac ).

- High protein diet.



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