Cleft lip And Cleft palate

Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate

 Cleft lip And Cleft palate

Cleft Lip:

Is a malformation resulting from the failure of the maxillary and median nasal processes to fuse during embryonic development?

Cleft Palate:

Is a midline fissure of palate resulting from the failure of the two sides to fuse during embryonic development.

Aetiology:

Unknown cause.

The hereditary factor may be due to mutant genes, chromosomal abnormalities or teratogens.

Altered Physiology:

Cleft lip:

Varies from a notch in the lip to complete separation of the lip may be unilateral or bilateral.

Cleft palate:

- Cleft of uvula, soft palate.

- Cleft of both soft and hard palate through the roof of the mouth.

- Unilateral or bilateral.

- Failure of mesodermal masses of lateral palatine processes accrues between the 7th and 12th week of gestation.

Cleft palate and lip combined:

Submucous cleft:

Muscles aren’t joined, not recognized until child talks, can't be seen at birth.

Associated problems and complication:

- Eating ( suction can't be creating for sucking, food retunes through the nose ).

- Nasal speech, lack of dental appearance, otitis media and hearing loss.

- Pierre Robin syndrome.

Clinical manifestation:

- Physical appearances of cleft lip and palate, incompletely formed lip.

- Opening in the roof of the mouth felt with examiners fingers on the palate.

Treatment:

- Management is focused on the closure of the cleft, prevention of complications, maintaining normal growth and development.

- The cleft lip is repaired before palate.

- The cleft lip: immediate repair or at 6-12 weeks of age.

- The cleft palate repair was done between 6 months and 5 years.


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