Raynaud's Disease and Buerger's Disease

Raynaud's Disease and Buerger's Diseases

Raynaud's Disease and Buerger's Disease

Raynaud's Disease

Definition:

 A peripheral vascular disease characterized by periodic vasoconstriction of the arteries that supply the extremities.

The digital arteries of hand and less commonly affected.

Aetiology:

Unknown, may be familial, triggered by emotional factors, or exposure to cold.

Most common among women aged between 16-40 years.

Signs and symptoms:

1- Hands moist and cold.

2- The colour of the hand is pale at the beginning then it changes into a bluish colour then it changes into the reddish colour, especially when putting it in warm water.

3- Ulcers and gangrene of the fingertips.

Treatment:

1- Avoid the factors that lead to the onset of the disease {stress, smoking, or exposure to cold}.

2- Avoid stress because it leads to vasoconstriction ( arteries).

3- Adrengeic blocking drugs to decrease sympathetic nerve stimulation which leads to decrease in vasoconstriction.

4- Sympathectomy: the surgical cut of the ganglionic sympathetic nerve.

5- Amputation in case of gangrene.

Buerger's Disease

Definition:

A condition that characterized by recurrent inflammation in the arteries and veins in the upper and lower extremities result in a clot formation, which leads to occlusion. This disease affects mainly the arteries and veins of the upper and lower limbs.

Aetiology:

Unknown occurs most often in men aged between 20-35 years.

Signs and symptoms:

1. Coldness in one or both feet.

2. Foot colour is pigmented red.

3. Slow healing ulcers or might change into gangrene.

4. Blood vessel infection.

5. Changes in skin and nails.

6. Pain in digital ( cramps in feet or legs after exercise ).

- Intermittent claudicating relived by rest.

- May be aggravated by emotional disturbances, smoking, and chilling.

7- Ulceration and gangrene may occur.

Treatment:

1- Stop smoking.

2- Rest and adequate hydration.

3- Daily washing of feet with warm water and soap.

4- Avoid trauma to the feet.

5- Wear shoes and stockings, protect feet from cold.

6- Vasodilatation.

7- If gangrene develops in the feet and toes, amputation well is done.



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